3. TYPES OF MICROSCOPE

Light microscopes
  • Principle: Use light and a system of lenses to magnify images. 
  • Examples:
    • Compound microscope: Uses multiple lenses for higher magnification, often used in labs and schools. 
    • Stereo (or dissecting) microscope: Provides a 3D view of larger, opaque objects, used for tasks like dissection or inspecting circuit boards. 
    • Fluorescence microscope: Uses fluorescent light to highlight specific parts of a specimen. 
    • Confocal microscope: Uses lasers to create high-resolution 3D images of fluorescently labeled specimens. 
     
  • Brightfield microscope: A common type that produces a dark image on a bright background. 
Electron microscopes
Principle: 
Use a beam of electrons instead of light to achieve much higher magnification and resolution. Cannot be used to view living cells. 
Examples:
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): Transmits electrons through a thin specimen to create an image. 
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): Scans a beam of electrons over a specimen's surface to create a detailed 3D image. 
Scanning probe microscopes 
Principle: 
Use a physical probe that moves across the surface of a specimen to map its topography. 
Examples:
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM): A type of scanning probe microscope that uses a physical probe to "feel" the surface of a specimen at an atomic level.