3. TYPES OF MICROSCOPE

3.1. LIGHT MICROSCOPE WORKING PRINCIPALS

A light microscope works by passing light through a specimen, which is then magnified by two sets of lenses: the objective lens and the eyepiece lens. The objective lens creates an initial magnified, real image, and the eyepiece lens further magnifies this intermediate image, creating a larger, virtual image that the observer sees. A light source, condenser, and diaphragm control and focus the light for illumination.  
Detailed breakdown:
  1. Illumination: 
    A light source, such as an LED or bulb, shines light up through the stage where the specimen is placed. 
  2. Light control: 
    The diaphragm and condenser regulate and focus the amount of light passing through the specimen to create contrast and clear illumination. 
  3. Magnification:
    • Objective lens: The first lens, positioned close to the specimen, gathers light and produces an initial, magnified "real image". 
     
  4. Eyepiece lens: The second lens, or eyepiece, magnifies the real image from the objective lens, creating a final, much larger "virtual image" that is visible to the viewer's eye. 
Image formation: 
The final image is a magnified, inverted version of the original specimen because of the way the light is bent and focused by the lenses. 
Observation: 
The viewer looks through the eyepiece to see this final, highly magnified image